Some
of the
international
instruments
relevant
to the
right to
health
This
annex
lists
some of
the
international
instruments
that are
relevant
to the
right to
health.
Section
A
contains
general
international
human
rights
instruments.
Section
B
contains
international
instruments
that
relate
to
specific
groups.
Section
C
contains
context-specific
instruments.
Inevitably,
there is
some
overlap
between
sections
B and C.
To avoid
repetition,
instruments
applying
to both
groups
and
contexts
are
categorized
according
to the
group (sect.
B).
Section
D
contains
international
conference
outcomes
and
their
follow-ups.
This
annex is
not
comprehensive:
there
are
other
instruments
that are
relevant
to the
right to
health.
Further
standards
are
referenced
in WHO,
25
Questions
and
Answers
on
Health
and
Human
Rights,
Health
and
Human
Rights
Publications
Series
Issue 1,
2002;
and G.
Alfredsson
and K.
Tomaevski
(eds.),
A
Thematic
Guide to
Documents
on
Health
and
Human
Rights:
Global
and
Regional
Standards
Adopted
by
Intergovernmental
Organizations,
International
Non-governmental
Organizations,
and
Professional
Associations
(Nijhoff,
1998).
A.
General
international
instruments
1.
Universal
Declaration
of Human
Rights
(1948);
International
Covenant
on
Economic,
Social
and
Cultural
Rights
(1966);
Constitution
of the
World
Health
Organization
(1946);
General
Comment
14 of
the
Committee
on
Economic,
Social
and
Cultural
Rights (CESCR)
on the
right to
health
(2000).
B.
International
instruments
relating
to
specific
groups
2.
Racial
and
ethnic
groups:
International
Covenant
on the
Elimination
of All
Forms of
Racial
Discrimination
(1965);
ILO
Convention
No. 169
(concerning
Indigenous
and
Tribal
Peoples
in
Independent
Countries,
1989);
Declaration
on the
Rights
of
Persons
Belonging
to
National
or
Ethnic,
Religious
and
Linguistic
Minorities
(1992).
3. Women:
Convention
on the
Elimination
of All
Forms of
Discrimination
against
Women
(1979);
Declaration
on the
Elimination
of
Violence
against
Women
(1993);
General
Recommendation
No. 14
of the
Committee
on the
Elimination
of
Discrimination
against
Women (CEDAW)
on
female
circumcision
(1990);
General
Recommendation
No. 19
of CEDAW
on
violence
against
women
(1992);
General
Recommendation
No. 24
of CEDAW
on women
and
health
(1999).
4.
Children:
Convention
on the
Rights
of the
Child
(1989);
ILO
Convention
No. 138
(concerning
Minimum
Age for
Admission
to
Employment,
1973);
ILO
Convention
No. 182
(the
Worst
Forms of
Child
Labour
Convention,
1999);
United
Nations
Standard
Minimum
Rules
for the
Administration
of
Juvenile
Justice
(1985);
United
Nations
Rules
for the
Protection
of
Juveniles
Deprived
of Their
Liberty
(1990);
Declaration
on the
Rights
of the
Child
(1959).
E/CN.4/2003/58
page 29
5.
Migrant
workers:
International
Convention
on the
Protection
of the
Rights
of All
Migrant
Workers
and
Members
of Their
Families
(1990).
6.
People
with
disabilities
including
mental
disabilities:
Declaration
on the
Rights
of
Disabled
Persons
(1975);
Standard
Rules on
the
Equalization
of
Opportunities
for
Persons
with
Disabilities
(1993);
Principles
for the
Protection
of
Persons
with
Mental
Illness
and the
Improvement
of
Mental
Healthcare
(1991);
CESCR
General
Comment
5 on
persons
with
disabilities
(1994);
Human
Rights
Committee
General
Comment
21
(1992).
7. Older
people:
United
Nations
Principles
for
Older
Persons
(1991);
CESCR
General
Comment
No. 6 on
the
economic,
social
and
cultural
rights
of older
persons
(1995).
8.
Refugees:
Convention
relating
to the
Status
of
Refugees
(1951).
C.
International
instruments
relating
to
specific
contexts
9.
Armed
conflict:
The
Geneva
Convention
for the
Amelioration
of the
Condition
of
Wounded
and Sick
in Armed
Forces
in the
Field
(1949);
the
Geneva
Convention
for the
Amelioration
of the
Condition
of
Wounded,
Sick and
Shipwrecked
Members
of the
Armed
Forces
at Sea
(1949);
the
Geneva
Convention
relative
to the
Treatment
of
Prisoners
of War
(1949);
the
Geneva
Convention
relative
to the
Protection
of
Civilian
Persons
in Times
of War
(1949);
Additional
Protocol
1 to the
Geneva
Conventions
relating
to the
Protection
of
Victims
in
International
Armed
Conflict
(1977);
Additional
Protocol
II to
the
Geneva
Conventions
relating
to the
Protection
of
Victims
of Non-International
Armed
Conflicts
(1977);
Declaration
on the
Protection
of Women
and
Children
in
Emergency
and
Armed
Conflict
(1974);
Protocol
on
Prohibitions
or
Restrictions
on the
Use of
Mines
(1980).
10.
Occupational
health
and
safety:
ILO
Convention
No. 155
(Occupational
Health
and
Safety
Convention,
1981);
ILO
Convention
No. 148
(Working
Environment
Convention,
1977);
and
several
other
ILO
Conventions
(e.g.
Conventions
Nos.
130,
152,
161,
164,
167,
170,
171,
176, 177
and
184).
11.
Environmental
health:
Basel
Convention
on the
Control
of
Transboundary
Movements
of
Hazardous
Wastes
and
Their
Disposal
(1989);
Code of
Practice
on the
International
Transboundary
Movement
of
Radioactive
Waste
(1990);
Convention
on
Nuclear
Safety
(1994).
12.
Administration
of
Justice:
International
Covenant
on Civil
and
Political
Rights (ICCPR,
1966);
Convention
against
Torture
and
Other
Cruel,
Inhuman
or
Degrading
Treatment
or
Punishment
(CAT,
1984);
Standard
Minimum
Rules
for the
Treatment
of
Prisoners
(1955);
Body of
Principles
for the
Protection
of All
Persons
under
any Form
of
Detention
or
Imprisonment
(1988);
Code of
Conduct
for Law
Enforcement
Officials
(1979);
Principles
of
Medical
Ethics
relevant
to the
Role of
Health
Personnel,
particularly
Physicians,
in the
Protection
of
Prisoners
and
Detainees
against
Torture
and
other
Cruel,
Inhuman
or
Degrading
Treatment
or
Punishment
(1982).
13.
Development:
Declaration
on the
Right to
Development
(1986).
E/CN.4/2003/58
page 30
14.
Research,
experimentation
and
genetics:
Nürnberg
Code
(1947);
ICCPR;
Universal
Declaration
on the
Human
Genome
and
Human
Rights
(1997);
Declaration
on the
Use of
Scientific
and
Technical
Progress
in the
Interests
of Peace
and for
the
Benefits
of
Mankind
(1975);
General
Comment
No. 20
of the
Human
Rights
Committee
(1992).
15. Data
Protection:
Guidelines
for the
Regulation
of
Computerized
Personal
Data
Files
(1990);
General
Comment
16 of
the
Human
Rights
Committee
(1988).
16.
Nutritional
Health:
Universal
Declaration
on the
Eradication
of
Hunger
and
Malnutrition
(1974).
D.
Some
international
conference
outcomes,
and
their
follow-ups,
that
relate
to the
right to
health
17.
Johannesburg
Declaration
and Plan
of
Implementation
of the
World
Summit
for
Sustainable
Development
(2002).
18.
Monterrey
Consensus
of the
International
Conference
on
Financing
for
Development
(2002).
19.
Political
Declaration
and
Madrid
International
Plan of
Action
on
Ageing
of the
Second
World
Assembly
on
Ageing
(2002).
20.
"A
World
Fit for
Children"
adopted
by the
United
Nations
General
Assembly
Special
Session
on
Children
(2002);
Declaration
and Plan
of
Action
of the
World
Summit
for
Children
(1990).
21.
Declaration
of
Commitment
on HIV/AIDS,
"Global
Crisis-Global
Action",
adopted
by the
United
Nations
General
Assembly
Special
Session
on HIV/AIDS
(2001).
22.
Durban
Declaration
and
Programme
of
Action
of the
World
Conference
against
Racism,
Racial
Discrimination,
Xenophobia
and
Related
Intolerance
(2001).
23.
United
Nations
Millennium
Declaration,
adopted
by the
United
Nations
General
Assembly
"Millennium
Assembly
of the
United
Nations"
(2000).
24.
Beijing
Declaration
and
Platform
for
Action
of the
Fourth
World
Conference
on Women
(1995)
and its
follow-up,
Beijing
Plus 5
(2000).
25. Rome
Declaration
on World
Food
Security
and
World
Food
Summit
Plan of
Action
of the
World
Food
Summit
(1996)
and its
follow-up,
Declaration
of the
World
Food
Summit:
Five
Years
Later,
International
Alliance
Against
Hunger
(2002).
26.
Istanbul
Declaration
and the
Habitat
Agenda
of the
Second
United
Nations
Conference
on Human
Settlements
(Habitat
II)
(1996),
and the
Declaration
on
Cities
and
Other
Human
Settlements
in the
New
Millennium
of the
Special
Session
of the
General
Assembly
for an
overall
review
and
appraisal
of the
implementation
of the
Habitat
Agenda
(2001).
E/CN.4/2003/58
page 31
27.
Copenhagen
Declaration
on
Social
Development
and
Programme
of
Action
of the
World
Summit
for
Social
Development
(1995)
and its
follow-up,
Copenhagen
Plus 5
(2000).
28.
Vienna
Declaration
and
Programme
of
Action
adopted
by the
World
Conference
on Human
Rights
(1993).
29. Rio
Declaration
on
Environment
and
Development
and
Agenda
21 of
the
United
Nations
Conference
on
Environment
and
Development
(1992).
30.
Stockholm
Declaration
of the
United
Nations
Conference
on the
Human
Environment
(1972).
E/CN.4/2003/58
page 32
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